Plant residues are by-products of agriculture and the food industry, including leaves, stems, shells, straw, and other organic materials left after harvesting or processing. These materials can be efficiently used for various purposes, such as producing compost, mulching the soil, feeding animals, or generating biogas. The valorization of plant residues helps reduce waste, improve soil fertility, and protect the environment through sustainable methods.

Pelletizing is a process of compacting biomass, agricultural or industrial waste into dense cylindrical granules known as pellets. These are used as an eco-friendly biofuel due to their high energy density and efficient combustion. Raw materials for pelletizing include sawdust, straw, seed husks, plant residues, and other organic by-products. Pellets are a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, being used in heating plants, stoves, and industry, contributing to the reduction of CO₂ emissions and to the valorization of waste.

The fermentation and drying of manure are essential processes for transforming it into an efficient organic fertilizer rich in nutrients. During fermentation, microorganisms break down the organic matter, reducing unpleasant odors and destroying pathogens. Afterwards, drying lowers the moisture content, preventing unwanted fermentation and facilitating transport and application. These methods are widely used in agriculture to improve soil quality, reduce pollution, and efficiently valorize organic resources, contributing to a sustainable and productive environment.

The granulation of manure and biogas digestate is an effective method of valorizing organic waste by transforming it into easy-to-use solid fertilizers. This process involves drying, grinding, and compacting the materials into a granular form that improves soil fertility and facilitates transport and application. The resulting granules are rich in essential nutrients for crops, ensuring their controlled release and contributing to sustainable and efficient agriculture.

The carbonization of pellets and briquettes made from sawdust and straw is a thermal process through which biomass is transformed into biochar by controlled pyrolysis. This method removes moisture and volatile substances, resulting in a material with a high carbon content, ideal for use as an eco-friendly fuel or soil amendment. The biochar obtained through carbonization has superior calorific value and contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, offering a sustainable solution for the valorization of agricultural and forestry waste.